Test Automation | Karate Labs Open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the Fortune 500 companies. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. There is also a karate.mapWithKey() for a common need - which is to convert an array of primitives into an array of objects, which is the form that data driven features expect. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. Karate Labs is an industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & UI test automation. Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. And then you would see something like this in the console: In most IDE-s, you would even see the URL above as a clickable hyperlink, so just clicking it would end the stop(). Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. You have to repeat the Examples section for each tag. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. You can use a waitForUrl() before attempting to access driver.title to make sure it works. Here are the rules Karate uses on bootstrap (before every Scenario or Examples row in a Scenario Outline): Advanced users who build frameworks on top of Karate have the option to supply a karate-base.js file that Karate will look for on the classpath:. This will wait until the element (by locator) is present in the page and uses the configured retry() settings. let's see few examples below: Locating an element using ID of the element And input ('#user-name',UIApp_username) And input ('#password',UIApp_password) Locating an element using CSS of the element Note that Map translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. A header row is always expected. German or ISO-8859-15. For placeholder-substitution, the replace keyword can be used instead, but with the advantage that the text can be read from a file or dynamically created. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. The function has to return a JSON object. Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. e.g. This is the recommended, browser-agnostic approach that uses Karates core-competency as an HTTP API client i.e. The rest can also be used even in primitive data matches like so: If two cross-hatch # symbols are used as the prefix (for example: ##number), it means that the key is optional or that the value can be null. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. karate.appendTo(idxs, i); This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. Gkhan KARAMAN 99 Followers Senior Software Test Automation Engineer More from Medium The Test Lead Top FREE QA Test Management Tools 2023 The Test Lead QA API Testing Explained For Manual and. Karate will also run Scenario-s in parallel by default. It is one of the great tool for API testing. This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. } It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. Also see waits. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. } } In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). Karate, created by Intuit a few years ago, has matured into a stable tool with unique functionality. This method returns a byte array. But even if you use {*} (or {} which is the equivalent short-cut) to match any tag, you are selecting based on what the user sees on the page. params, headers, cookies, form fields, multipart fields and multipart files take a single JSON argument (which can be in-line or a variable reference), and this enables certain types of dynamic data-driven testing, especially because any JSON key with a null value will be ignored. For example: Note that it has to be a pure JavaScript expression - which means that match syntax such as contains will not work. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. driver.getTitle() becomes driver.title. 1 [karate]: Karate UI Automation: Unable to launch the browser. Note that the parallel runner will run Scenario-s in parallel, which means they can run in any order. JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. After that We will automate APIs of GitHub Repo V3. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". It is best explained via examples. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. This is sometimes needed to slow down keystrokes, especially when there is a lot of JavaScript or security-validation behind the scenes. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson JavaScript Functions are also native. Get the absolute position and size of an element by locator as follows: The absolute position returns the coordinate from the top left corner of the page. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. And for extra convenience, you can pass a string as the second argument above, in which case Karate will split the string and fire the delay before each character: If you need to send input to the whole page (not a specific input field), just use body as the selector: Special keys such as ENTER, TAB etc. You can change the com.intuit.karate logger level to INFO to reduce the amount of logging. They can be very useful in some situations. In the example below, note the use of the karate.get() helper for getting the value of a dynamic variable (which was not set at the time this JS function was declared). right: 1496 The variable state after feature execution would be returned as a Map. Here is how the example above looks like: Validation can be performed if needed on the response to this HTTP POST which may be HTML, and the karate.extract() API may come in useful. """, # optional (can be null) and if present should be an array of size greater than zero, # should be an array of size equal to $.count, # use a predicate function to validate each array element, # if you prefer using 'pure' JsonPath, you can do this, # using the karate object if the expression is dynamic, """ Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. Note that there is a karate.fail() API that may be handy when you want to fail a test after advanced / conditional checks. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ """, # attempt to detect and ignore antialiasing, # customize color / brightness tolerances, # switch to `original` grayscale SSIM algorithm, # JS math can introduce a decimal point in some cases, # but you can easily coerce to an integer if needed, # or you can do the same on multiple lines if you wish, # set headers or params (if any) BEFORE the method step. Note that scriptAll() will return an array, as opposed to script(). Billie In rare cases, e.g. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. Note: You can use Jsonpathfinder to find the path of json data. For example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a CSS selector. In addition to fields,
