[53] Upon reaching port, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 4 September. [24] Following this patrol, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 17 December. He met Adolf Hitler on more than once occasion, even having lunch with the Fhrer. He participated in the 2nd officers training course held at the former NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen. Kretschmer was subsequently awarded the Iron Cross second class. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. Despite being captured, the German nay continued to promote him, and even awarded him he Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords - only the fifth member of the German armed forces to receive the accolade. However, he was haunted by the image of a lone survivor in a life raft who would surely die if not rescued. Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. Keep me logged in. A single torpedo was fired, then Kretschmer ordered a u-turn and sped away on the surface; the destroyers neither sighted him nor detected him with ASDIC. They all got along perfectly, and MacIntyre told KRETSCHMER that these were the only truly good bridge games hed had during the war. There were no deaths among the crew. Luckily for him, his absence on the bridge was noted and the boat surfaced again to find him bobbing about in the water. My family is complete.. The convoy suffered heavy losses while the U-boats escaped unscathed. Many thanks to Valeria Basso, Alessio Basso and Francesco Signorino for helping in the retrieval of a few rare archival sources, and for stimulating discussions. After a running convoy battle in which KRETSCHMER did not sleep for two days straight, he exhausted his torpedoes and set course for home. 3099067 When clear of the battle scene, he turned in to his bunk and gave strict orders to his new I.W.O. Something went wrong, please try again later. Prien's demise was not disclosed. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto 'one torpedo, one ship', have never been systematically analysed. Kretschmer and U-23 had departed from Wilhelmshaven on 25 August, one week before the start of World War II. [41] A notable failure on the patrol occurred in the interception of HMS Manistee. Prien and Kretschmer, along with U-70 (Matz) and UA, attacked the convoy. He did not come through the hatch he must be lost at sea. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). Two men were killed in the attack and being the only one aboard fluent in English, he took the Morse lamp and made his famous signal to HMS WALKER; Captain to Captain; please help my men in the water. The nomination was approved on 5 November 1940. He then ordered the merchant Skipper to put everyone back aboard then gave him a course to steer for one of the German bases on the French coast, and ordered the merchant Skipper to surrender the ship to the harbor authorities there. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. One attack saw him surface in the midst of a convoy before opening fire. "He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. There were two reasons for this; Knights Cross with Oak Leaf and Crossed Swords, There would be nine diamonds forming the Swastika, All the time this was going on, as the pair ran, Why you never saw him with the traditional . [64] Four ships were sunk, but two U-boats were sunk, one of which was U-47. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Only five of the 161-strong crew survived. [66], On 16 March 1941 Kretschmer attacked Convoy HX 112. "He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. He continued to serve as Watch Officer of U-35 until 30 September 1937. U-99 was returning from her seventh Feindfahrt (war patrol) and this was to be OTTOs last Feindfahrt. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. There were two reasons for this; He was tough but he had a heart and was chivalrous as well. Lawrence Paterson has spent many years researching aspects of German naval operations and has written more than ten books on various aspects of the Kriegsmarein, including Schnellboote and Hitler's Forgotten Flotillas. 1) Black Otto Walter no.12.507.- prismen glaser8x40 reflexfreie on right side. OTTO peered over the top of his newspaper and said;Juli is happy. That day, he was made chief-of-staff of the NATO command COMNAVBALTAP at Kiel, taking command on 15 June. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. Chivalry was still at work at this time and former enemies who had been killing each other the previous day could play cards together. Hermann Michahelles, Otto Kretschmer became commander of U-35 until 15 August 1937. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served . "He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship.". Remember that on the surface it is easier for you to spot the enemy than for the enemy to spot you, Dive only for two hours before dawn each day, to rest the crew, sweep with sound detection equipment, etc. German aircraft bombed and sank it three days later. The ship was loaded with coal, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. Heinrich Bleichrodt hit and sank two. Its commander, Hugo Frster, was repatriated to Germany and committed suicide before the end of the war. On 1 October 1937, Kretschmer took command of U-23. Why his average daily tonnage sinking equaled that of de la Perrier. [9], In 1933 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. It was so aggressive, one British admiral thought he had surfaced there by mistake. [75] In March 1942, the prisoners were transported to Bowmanville Camp near Lake Ontario in Canada. [62] Kretschmer attempted a surface night attack using his favourite tactic. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. When U-23 was stabilized at her depth and the sound man could no longer hear any noises of the other boat, they came to periscope depth, confirmed that all was safe, and KRETSCHMER was ready to begin the hopeless task of looking for Schnees body. He sank four ships and damaged three. Rsing's successor, Hermann Michahelles, was killed in a car accident and Kretschmer assumed command for two weeks. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served aboard the light cruiser Emden. Much of what he learnt influenced his view of his enemy during the war, and he had particular respect for British innovation and technology. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. It went passed its crushing depth of 700m, and all looked lost. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . [71] Winston Churchill disclosed the capture of Kretschmer to the House of Commons on 21 March. Walker) and Fregattenkapitan (commander) Kertschmer, became the best of friends. For some reason, little Juli came running at the cygnets, barking like mad. At 2250hrs on 3 November, 1940, one of the most dramatic battles of the U-boat war began. There, they would meet a German U-boat to take them back to Germany. [9] Kretschmer's first operational experience on a submarine was as a lieutenant on the U-35 in 1937 as first watch officer under the command of Klaus Ewerth and then Hans-Rudolf Rsing. He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. Three days later he departed for his seventh war patrol. Laurentic of 18.724 brt and H.M.S. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. [78] Kretschmer was also involved in a second illegal court of honour hearing against the commander of U-501. [52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. Click on the prints to see their descriptions. His first patrol, with Oberleutnant zur See Adalbert Schnee as first watch officer, took U-23 into the North Sea and along the coast of the Netherlands. He was given the opportunity to convey his opinions on the state of the U-boat war. 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The Life of Germany's Highest Scoring U-boat Commander. The report contained the remark, "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. Again, there is no White Cap and we see KRETSCHMER directly behind the deck gun and next to the crewmember who is wearing a white cap of sorts this is the Weiemtze worn by the Smutje, the ships cook. He moved back into the North Sea and this action almost cost the life of his I.W.O., Adalbert Schnee, who later commanded U-201. Kretschmer ordered his U-boat to be turned around, and they rescued the lone sailor. [53] In December Kretschmer tried to intercept Convoy HX 90 but encountered only stragglers. Kretschmer waited for the crew to take to the lifeboats before destroying the ship with a torpedo. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. I am sunking. Yep Sunking is the word he used. Karl Dnitz, Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU), ordered attacks on Allied shipping at sea, beginning the Battle of the Atlantic. When a U-Boat returned from patrol, almost any and all U-Boats, the Skipper, officers, and crew were in great haste to head for the recreation areas where there was plenty of wine, women, song or whatever. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. (Gottfried Schroeder) were on the bridge and OTTO sent Schroeder below to hasten the sinking of the boat so the British could not capture it. This third patrol on U-99, took the boat into the North Atlantic, into the North Channel and west of Ireland. [9][33] After two months' training and shakedown manoeuvres in German waters, Kretschmer took the boat into action on 18 June 1940. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. The vast majority of Kretschmer's attacks - at least 83 - were launched on the surface. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. When war broke out, Kretschmer was on U-23, a short-range submarine which could not operate as far as the Atlantic, so had to stay in the North Sea. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. This was not OTTO KRETSCHMER! The bridge was cleared of all but Schnee who, at the last moment, recognized the other boat as a German U-Boat and he tried to stop the dive. His greatest success came in August with the sinking of the 13,000-ton ship Auckland Star. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). Note that OTTO KRETSCHMER (arrow) is wearing the regulation navy blue cap, not the traditional nut non-regulation White Cap. The main area of operations were the seas and estuaries off East of England and Scotland, with mine-laying operations in the Baltic, to counter the Royal Navy Submarine Service at the end of 1939. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat ( dugout canoe ), U-23. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . The crew felt that this would bring them good luck so they cleaned the horseshoe, painted it gold and screwed it to the fairweather as we see in the photo to the right. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. His school report contained the remark: "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. [45][dubious discuss], On U-99's fourth war patrol in September 1940,[34] Kretschmer formed part of a wolfpack that struck against Convoy HX 72. In his bunk, OTTO felt the sharp downward angle of the boat and was immediately on his feet as the bridge watch tumbled past him all by Schnee, and now green water was flooding through the open hatch from the Zentralle to the conning tower. 3 binoculars included in this lot. That same day the British escorts scored another success against the Kriegsmarine when the noted U-boat skipper Joachim Schepke was killed aboard U-100, having been depth charged, rammed and sunk by Vanoc. Patroclus lost 56 crew; 230 survived. I was a lieutenant on U-35, in the second submarine flotilla, and together with U . This stay was interrupted for an aerial defense training course at Warnemnde (510 March 1934). Rahmlow and his second-in-command, Bernhard Berndt, were found "guilty of cowardice"; the other two officers were "acquitted". 176 men died. Otto Kretschmer - nicknamed 'Silent Otto' by his enemies - sank hundreds of thousands of tons of Allied shipping during a brutal U-boat campaign, Sign up for our Exeter newsletter and you'll never miss a big story again. The OKM was established as the supreme command of the navy responsible for all facets of naval warfare. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried.". All 33 men aboard died. Otto Kretschmer was the Watch Officer of U-35 from 03 November 1936 - 30 July 1937. Kretschmer travelled the world as he rose up through the ranks, before joining the U-boat service in 1936. [18] Kretschmer served in this function until 18 June 1964 when he was appointed chief-of-staff of the Befehlshaber der Seestreitkrfte der Nordsee (German national Commander Naval Forces North Sea). Although he fought doggedly for Nazi Germany during the war, his affection for Exeter remained with him until his death. [Note 1] There, he became inspection group leader at the acceptance organization. U-99 is preparing for her first Feindfahrt (war patrol), taking on supplies. In the Atlantic, Kretschmer became bolder and bolder. [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. She had been married before, to a doctor who was killed in action with the Afrika Korps. The short range of the Type II submarine allowed for operations in the North Sea, but no further. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Kretschmer was guided onto convoy OB-191. left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. He assumed most of the crew went down with the ship; but there were 159 survivors. Registered in England & Wales No. He had to return to port to repair the damage. Kretschmer sank all but one of the ships lost by the convoy. [22], U-23 departed from Kiel on 8 January 1940 for its sixth war patrol and Schnee had been replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen. This was the first ever in the history of warfare that a submarine was detected on sound gear, tracked by sound gear, attacked by sound gear and destroyed all by the use of the sound gear. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto one torpedo, one ship, have never been systematically analysed. 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